Shoulder Instability & Dislocations

Understanding Shoulder Instability & Dislocations

Shoulder instability occurs when the structures that hold the shoulder joint in place become damaged or stretched, allowing the humeral head (ball) to partially or completely slip out of the glenoid (socket). Dr. Joshi specializes in treating all forms of shoulder instability.

Traumatic instability typically results from a forceful injury that dislocates the shoulder, tearing the labrum (cartilage rim) and capsule. Once these structures are damaged, recurrent dislocations or a sense of looseness may occur.

Atraumatic or multidirectional instability occurs in patients with naturally loose ligaments, where the shoulder may feel unstable without a specific injury. Treatment approaches differ based on the underlying cause.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Traumatic shoulder dislocation
• Sports injuries (football, hockey, wrestling)
• Falls onto an outstretched arm
• Naturally loose ligaments (hyperlaxity)
• Repetitive overhead sports (volleyball, swimming)
• Previous shoulder surgery failure

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of shoulder instability & dislocations include:

• Shoulder dislocations requiring relocation
• Feeling that the shoulder will "slip out"
• Pain with certain arm positions
• Apprehension with overhead or throwing motions
• Weakness and lack of confidence in the shoulder
• Clicking or catching sensations
• Episodes of subluxation (partial dislocation)

Treatment Options

Treatment for shoulder instability & dislocations depends on the severity of your condition and may include:

• Physical therapy focusing on rotator cuff strengthening
• Activity modification to avoid provoking positions
• Bracing during high-risk activities
• Arthroscopic Bankart repair for labral tears
• Latarjet procedure for bone loss or high-risk patients
• Capsular shift for multidirectional instability