Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint Disorders

Understanding Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint Disorders

The sternoclavicular (SC) joint connects the collarbone to the breastbone (sternum). It is the only joint that attaches the arm to the rest of the skeleton, and strong ligaments make it very stable, so SC joint problems are uncommon.

Injuries range from sprains to dislocations. An anterior dislocation pushes the collarbone forward and causes a visible bump. A posterior dislocation pushes it backward toward the windpipe, major blood vessels and nerves in the chest and is an emergency. The SC joint can also develop osteoarthritis, become unstable, or be affected by infection or inflammatory conditions.

Most sprains, anterior dislocations and cases of arthritis are treated without surgery. Posterior dislocations are reduced urgently, sometimes in the operating room with a vascular surgeon available. Surgery is also considered for chronic instability or arthritis that does not respond to nonsurgical care.

Causes & Risk Factors

• High-energy injuries such as car accidents and contact sports
• Falls onto the side of the shoulder
• Osteoarthritis
• Ligament laxity and chronic instability

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of SC Joint Disorders include:

• Pain at the base of the neck where the collarbone meets the breastbone
• Swelling or a bump over the joint
• Pain moving the arm, especially across the body
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing after a posterior dislocation (emergency)

Treatment Options

Treatment for SC Joint Disorders depends on the severity of your condition and may include:

• Rest, ice, a sling and anti-inflammatory medications
• Physical therapy
• Corticosteroid injection for arthritis
• Closed or open reduction of posterior dislocations
• SC joint reconstruction or resection for chronic instability or arthritis