Elbow Dislocation

Understanding Elbow Dislocation

An elbow dislocation occurs when the bones of the forearm are forced out of their normal position relative to the humerus, usually from a fall on an outstretched hand. The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated large joint in adults after the shoulder.

A simple dislocation involves ligament injury without a significant fracture. A complex dislocation also includes fractures, most often of the radial head and coronoid process; the combination of a dislocation with both fractures is known as the "terrible triad." Dislocations can also injure the nerves and blood vessels that cross the elbow, so a careful exam is essential.

Simple dislocations are reduced and kept in a splint or sling for about one to three weeks, followed by range-of-motion exercises to prevent stiffness. Complex dislocations and elbows that remain unstable usually need surgery to fix fractures and repair ligaments.

Causes & Risk Factors

• A fall on an outstretched hand
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Sports injuries
• Naturally loose ligaments

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of Elbow Dislocation include:

• Severe elbow pain and swelling after a fall
• An obviously deformed elbow and inability to bend it
• Numbness, tingling or coldness in the hand (emergency)

Treatment Options

Treatment for Elbow Dislocation depends on the severity of your condition and may include:

• Urgent closed reduction
• A short period in a splint followed by early motion
• Physical therapy to regain motion
• Surgical repair of ligaments and fixation of fractures for complex or unstable dislocations
• Hinged external fixation in severe cases