Distal Humerus Fractures

Understanding Distal Humerus Fractures

A distal humerus fracture is a break at the lower end of the upper arm bone, which forms the top of the elbow joint. These fractures are uncommon, about 2% of adult fractures, and often extend into the joint surface.

They occur in two main groups: younger adults after high-energy injuries such as car accidents, sports injuries and falls from a height, and older adults with osteoporosis after a simple fall. Open fractures, where bone breaks through the skin, and injuries to the nerves that cross the elbow can occur.

Most displaced distal humerus fractures are treated with surgery to restore the joint surface and allow early motion, typically using plates and screws. In older adults with fractures in many small pieces and poor bone quality, total elbow replacement may provide a more reliable result. Nonsurgical treatment is reserved for non-displaced fractures and patients who cannot have surgery.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Falls, especially in older adults with osteoporosis
• Motor vehicle accidents and falls from a height
• Direct blows to the elbow

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of Distal Humerus Fracture include:

• Severe pain and swelling at the elbow
• Bruising
• Inability to move the elbow
• Deformity, or numbness and tingling in the hand

Treatment Options

Treatment for Distal Humerus Fracture depends on the severity of your condition and may include:

• Splinting for non-displaced fractures
• Open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws
• Total elbow replacement (total elbow arthroplasty) for selected complex fractures in older adults
• Early physical therapy to restore motion